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How does cold weather affect EV battery performance?

Cold weather can significantly impact an EV’s battery performance and driving range. The drop in temperature slows down the chemical reactions within the battery, reducing its capacity — meaning it holds less energy and takes longer to charge. Depending on the make and model, an EV’s range can drop by anything from 10 to 30pc in winter conditions.

How cold does a battery get?

The electrolyte fluid in batteries becomes thicker in very cold temperatures. This can lead to a reduced range. It isn't 'just' the lithium-ion batteries of smartphones that work best at moderate temperatures of between 15 and 25 degrees – the same applies to the batteries of electric cars.

What happens if a battery goes bad in cold weather?

Older devices that have already been recharged very often are more likely to be affected. Possible damage in older batteries can cause a sudden drop in the electrical voltage in cold weather. Having said that, lithium-ion batteries can usually be charged up to 3,000 times without any adverse impact on their performance.

Does cold weather affect battery charging?

Yes, charging can be slower in cold weather. The cold increases internal resistance within the battery, making it harder to accept a charge. Low temperatures affect both the battery and the charging equipment, meaning you may spend extra time at charging stations. Plan for these delays when the thermometer dips below freezing.

Should you charge your electric car in cold weather?

The flow of electricity is slower and weaker. This can reduce the range of electric cars in cold weather. Therefore, you should charge your battery while it's still warm, if possible. We've all had this problem: you leave home with your mobile phone, and the battery is almost full.

Are EV batteries safe in winter?

The chemistry of EV batteries means that the bold claims in adverts are adversely affected when the mercury plummets – and Parkers’ research suggests that electric car range can typically drop by as much as a third in winter.

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