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The batteries have different environmental impacts in different phases of their life. Among the four phases listed in the table, the battery has the most serious pollution to the environment in the ‘Use Phase’, followed by the ‘Production Phase’, and then the ‘Transport Phase’.
In the battery pack, the BMS that contains an integrated circuit makes a large environmental contribution to the CF and EF. The sheet rolling process and the aluminum material show significance for the WF. In the battery cell, the positive electrode material in the cathode is the key factor influencing the battery pack’s environmental burden.
However, the environmental impact of EV batteries is a very complex issue, not only affected by material exploitation and battery manufacturing and production methods, but also by battery transportation, usage, recycling, or disposal methods (Wang et al., 2020, Zhiyong et al., 2020, ISO, 2006a).
However, little is known about the environmental impacts of the production, use and disposal of the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. The major contributor to the environmental burden caused by the battery is the supply of copper and aluminum for the production of the anode and the cathode, plus the required cables or the battery management system.
The environmental impact of battery emerging contaminants has not yet been thoroughly explored by research. Parallel to the challenging regulatory landscape of battery recycling, the lack of adequate nanomaterial risk assessment has impaired the regulation of their inclusion at a product level.
Li–S battery pack was the cleanest, while LMO/NMC-C had the largest environmental load. The more electric energy consumed by the battery pack in the EVs, the greater the environmental impact caused by the existence of nonclean energy structure in the electric power composition, so the lower the environmental characteristics.
The focus of this article is to review and assess the energy efficiency and the environmental impact of battery electric cars (BEV), which is the only technical alternative on …
This paper reports and discusses the fate, disposal routes and potential pollution sources and pathways from spent LIBs. Despite the clear importance of this area, the data on the environmental impact of EoL LIBs is …
According to the indirect environmental influence of the electric power …
The Environmental Protection Agency utilizes three metrics to measure vehicle emissions. Firstly, tailpipe emissions encompass both greenhouse gases and other pollutants …
This mini review aims to integrate currently reported and emerging …
China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon …
This study aims to quantify selected environmental impacts (specifically primary energy use and GHG emissions) of battery manufacture across the global value chain …
It is essential to understand which of them is most suitable for electric vehicles from the perspective of environmental protection. To answer this question, the life cycle …
The environmental impacts of the CF, WF, and EF vary from one battery pack to another. The CF of a battery pack represents the amount of GHG emissions that are directly …
This study aims to quantify selected environmental impacts (specifically primary energy use and GHG emissions) of battery manufacture across the global value chain …
The LCA results suggest that the manufacturing and reusing stages are the dominant contributors to the environmental impacts of repurposed LIBs, whereas battery …
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, with notable advantages in safety, energy density, and …
This mini review aims to integrate currently reported and emerging contaminants present on batteries, their potential environmental impact, and current strategies for their …
Are batteries bad for the environment? We explore the environmental impact of battery production and disposal considering EVs, devices, etc
a dimensionless environmental characteristic index was established to assess the comprehensive environmental impact of the battery pack. e results showed that the Li–S battery is the cleanest ...
The evidence presented here is taken from real-life incidents and it shows that improper or careless processing and disposal of spent batteries leads to contamination of the soil, water …
According to the indirect environmental influence of the electric power structure, the environmental characteristic index could be used to analyze the environmental protection …
Environmental impacts, pollution sources and pathways of spent lithium-ion batteries W. Mrozik, M. A. Rajaeifar, O. Heidrich and P. Christensen, Energy Environ.Sci., 2021, 14, 6099 DOI: …
The environmental impact of battery production comes from the toxic fumes released during the mining process and the water-intensive nature of the activity. In 2016, …
Normalized and weighed environmental impacts are 4 × 10 −12 kWh −1. Most …
It is essential to understand which of them is most suitable for electric …
The full impact of novel battery compounds on the environment is still uncertain and could cause further hindrances in recycling and containment efforts. Currently, only a …
The positive electrode pastes in the battery cell, BMS, and packaging in the battery pack can influence the environmental burden. Adopting green materials in sections like …